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Compare Zambia (2001) - Dominican Republic (2002)

Compare Zambia (2001) z Dominican Republic (2002)

 Zambia (2001)Dominican Republic (2002)
 ZambiaDominican Republic
Administrative divisions 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western 29 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Valverde
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.36% (male 2,324,128; female 2,303,349)

15-64 years:
50.14% (male 2,433,250; female 2,465,747)

65 years and over:
2.5% (male 105,694; female 138,031) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 33.7% (male 1,503,344; female 1,439,157)


15-64 years: 61.3% (male 2,720,308; female 2,621,539)


65 years and over: 5% (male 206,556; female 230,690) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs
Airports 112 (2000 est.) 29 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 13


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
99

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
total: 17


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 10 (2002)
Area total:
752,614 sq km

land:
740,724 sq km

water:
11,890 sq km
total: 48,730 sq km


land: 48,380 sq km


water: 350 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Texas slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire
Background The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of its subsequent history was brought to an end in 1966 when Joaquin BALAGUER became president. He maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. The Dominican economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the hemisphere.
Birth rate 41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 24.4 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA million (1999 est.)
revenues: $2.9 billion


expenditures: $3.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.1 billion (2001 est.)
Capital Lusaka Santo Domingo
Climate tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 1,288 km
Constitution 2 August 1991 28 November 1966
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Zambia

conventional short form:
Zambia

former:
Northern Rhodesia
conventional long form: Dominican Republic


conventional short form: none


local long form: Republica Dominicana


local short form: none
Currency Zambian kwacha (ZMK) Dominican peso (DOP)
Death rate 21.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.68 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $6.5 billion (2000) $5.4 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador David B. DUNN

embassy:
corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues

mailing address:
P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone:
[260] (1) 250-955

FAX:
[260] (1) 252-225
chief of mission: Ambassador Hans H. HERTELL


embassy: corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo


mailing address: Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500


telephone: [1] (809) 221-2171


FAX: [1] (809) 686-7437
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Atan SHANSONGA

chancery:
2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-0826
chief of mission: Ambassador Hugo GUILIANI Cury


chancery: 1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 332-6280


FAX: [1] (202) 265-8057


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Jacksonville, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)


consulate(s): Mobile and Ponce (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - recipient $1.99 billion (1995) $239.6 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. In late 2000, Zambia was determined to be eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Inflation and unemployment rates remain high, but the GDP growth rate should rise in 2001. The Dominican economy experienced dramatic growth over the last decade, even though the economy was hit hard by Hurricane Georges in 1998. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest 10% enjoy 40% of national income. A US $500 million foreign bond issue in September 2001 will contribute to increased public investment spending.
Electricity - consumption 5.926 billion kWh (1999) 8,812.029 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 1.6 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 419 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 7.642 billion kWh (1999) 9.475 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
0.55%

hydro:
99.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 87%


hydro: 13%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:
unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m


highest point: Pico Duarte 3,175 m
Environment - current issues air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation; Hurricane Georges damage
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2% white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
Exchange rates Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,024.53 (January 2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997), 1,207.90 (1996) Dominican pesos per US dollar - 17.310 (January 2002), 16.952 (2001), 16.415 (2000), 16.033 (1999), 15.267 (1998), 14.265 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%
chief of state: President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 16 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2004)


election results: Raphael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez elected president; percent of vote - Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (PRD) 49.87%, Danilo MEDINA (PLD) 24.95%, Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 24.6%
Exports $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $5.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods
Exports - partners Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997) US 87.3%, Netherlands 1.1%, Canada 0.7%, France 0.7% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $50 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
18%

industry:
27%

services:
55% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 11%


industry: 34%


services: 55% (2000) (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $880 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 1.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 S, 30 00 E 19 00 N, 70 40 W
Geography - note landlocked shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti)
Highways total:
66,781 km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km (1997 est.)
total: 12,600 km


paved: 6,224 km


unpaved: 6,376 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.2% (1995)
lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 40% (1989) (1989)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial transactions
Imports $1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $8.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997) US 60.5%, Japan 10.4%, Mexico 4.7%, Venezuela 3% (2000 est.)
Independence 24 October 1964 (from UK) 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
Industrial production growth rate 6.1% (2000 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Industries copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
Infant mortality rate 90.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 33.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 27.3% (2000 est.) 5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, Caricom (observer), ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) 24 (2000)
Irrigated land 460 sq km (1993 est.) 2,590 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases) Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and executive branches with the president presiding)
Labor force 3.4 million 2.3 million - 2.6 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9% services and government 59%, industry 24%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total:
5,664 km

border countries:
Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
total: 360 km


border countries: Haiti 360 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land: 21.08%


permanent crops: 9.92%


other: 69% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages Spanish
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil codes
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (149 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: Senate - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2006)


election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 24, PLD 3, PRSC 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 83, PLD 49, PRSC 17
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.29 years

male:
37.06 years

female:
37.53 years (2001 est.)
total population: 73.68 years


male: 71.57 years


female: 75.91 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
78.2%

male:
85.6%

female:
71.3% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.1%


male: 82%


female: 82.2% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, east of Angola Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 6 NM
Merchant marine - total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Air Force, National Service, police Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $76 million (FY97) $180 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY97) 1.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,246,640 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 2,323,088 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,193,047 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,455,887 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 87,404 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 24 October (1964) Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
Nationality noun:
Zambian(s)

adjective:
Zambian
noun: Dominican(s)


adjective: Dominican
Natural hazards tropical storms (November to April) lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
Natural resources copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
Net migration rate -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,724 km crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km
Political parties and leaders Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head] Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Collective of Popular Organizations or COP
Population 9,770,199

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
8,721,594 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 86% (1993 est.) 25%
Population growth rate 1.93% (2001 est.) 1.61% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Mpulungu Barahona, La Romana, Manzanillo, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo
Radio broadcast stations AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 120, FM 56, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 1.03 million (1997) 1.44 million (1997)
Railways total:
2,164 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)

note:
the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
total: 757 km


standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge (Central Romana Railroad)


narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge (Dominican Republic Government Railway)


miscellaneous gauge: 240 km operated by sugar companies in various gauges (0.558-m, 0.762-m, 1.067-m gauges) (2000 est.)
Religions Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% Roman Catholic 95%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age


note: members of the armed forces and police cannot vote
Telephone system general assessment:
facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic:
high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: NA


domestic: relatively efficient system based on islandwide microwave radio relay network


international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997) 709,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,000 (1998) 130,149 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 9 (1997) 25 (1997)
Terrain mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
Total fertility rate 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.94 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) 15% (2001 est.)
Waterways 2,250 km

note:
includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
none
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